Never underestimate the power of refinancing -- from lowering interest rates or monthly payments to providing cash for mounting debts or speeding up loan pay-off. It's up to you to weigh the benefits of refinancing against the potential impact of the status quo. Below are a just few examples of ways in which homeowners can leverage refinancing to address their ever-changing needs and goals.
Refinancing to Lower Monthly Payments
Let's say a couple begins to feel the burden of their $150k 15yr 3% fixed payment of $1,035 perhaps due to a recent increase in their property tax or homeowner's insurance or a new and unanticipated expense. Whatever the reason, they feel that they must lower their monthly payment to make ends meet. Yes, 3% was an amazing rate when they refinanced a couple years ago, but it's irrelevant. They have already identified and dealt with other expenses (i.e., they have reduced or eliminated as much as they could) and now they've turned their attention to their monthly mortgage obligation before it begins affecting their quality of life.
What to do? Well, they should avoid making too many assumptions and resist treating assumptions as facts. Maybe income will increase. Maybe taxes will go down (don't we all wish!). Maybe in a year or two things will turn around, right? Perhaps, but is the couple prepared to take that risk? Can they afford to absorb the consequences if they're wrong? Millions of people made similar assumptions about their finances and the future and we all know how that turned out in 2006-2007 when all those assumptions went right out the window along with income and equity few homeowners could afford to lose. These days, it's all about facts and outcomes.
So, what about refinancing to lower their monthly payment? Here's a fact: a 30yr 5% fixed refi -- even with 100% of the closing costs rolled into the loan -- would lower the couple's monthly payment to $826. Is it ideal? Of course not. In fact, the rate is higher, the term twice as long, and if they never sell the house or refinance again (though most will), they'll pay considerably more interest than the current loan terms. Under ordinary circumstances most families would say no, thank you. However, recent years have been anything but ordinary. Depending on this couple's circumstances that $200/m reduction in their mortgage payment might make a huge difference in their day-to-day quality of life and ability to stay afloat. For too many families in and around Longmeadow that's a reality and other avenues such as finding alternative ways to reduce current expenses may not be enough.
The scenarios are endless: refinancing from an adjustable rate mortgage (ARM) into a longer-term fixed rate loan, or from one ARM into another to put off the inevitable rate increase, or increasing the duration of the current fixed rate loan, and so on.
Yes, in today's market with rising interest rates a refinance isn't quite as attractive as it was during the depths of the recent recession, but those historically low rates are gone. Still, we are a long way from the 17+% peak interest rates of the early 80s. You may find or feel that you have no choice but to refinance even at today's rates. You can either lower your minimum monthly payment obligation knowing that the long term overall cost may be higher, or you can deal with the fallout from a monthly payment that has already proven itself to be unsustainable even in the short term. Will it feel as if you've taken a step backward? Initially, perhaps. But if it means freeing up current income to pay other equally important expenses, sometimes we have to take a step or two backward in order to make ends meet and move forward.
Depending on how dire your situation has become, or the direction in which it may be headed, refinancing may not be an option available to you. For example, if your home's value is currently less than what you owe on it (a.k.a. being "upside down") or you've already begun making late payments, or you have a second mortgage with a different lender that is unwilling to resubordinate the lien, then refinancing may no longer be an option. However, other options such as mortgage modification, regular sale, or short sale may still be available. It's best to consult a real estate attorney to understand your rights and protect your interests before entertaining a mortgage modification or a sale of any type. Often the initial consultation is free. Frankly, you're not going to be thrilled by any of the options, but with so much at stake the worst possible decision is to do nothing at all. Just remember, the amount by which you could reduce your monthly obligation will depend on your specific circumstances, and the terms available to you.
Refinancing to Draw Cash Out or Consolidate Debt
While a majority of homeowners have used refinancing to lower their monthly payments in recent years, there are other uses for it. For example, if you have sufficient equity in a property you may be able to extract some of that equity through what is known as a "cash-out refinance". There is always a limit to exactly how much equity you can access and it will depend on several factors including but not limited to how much you currently owe on the property as well as how you're using it (i.e. as a primary residence, second home, or investment property) and whether or not your current income and assets can support a larger loan amount.
Let's say you own a primary residence with a current appraised value of $250,000 and a mortgage balance of $125,000 (50%). If the lender with whom you're dealing allows up to 80% loan-to-value on a cash-out refinance of a primary residence, you may be able to draw out up to 30% of the home's value in cash to use as you wish (minus closing costs if you choose to roll the costs into the new loan). Homeowners use cash out refinancing -- as well as related financing such as home equity loans and lines of credit -- for a variety of purposes from remodeling and repairing their property to paying for their child's education, paying off debts that carry significantly higher interest rates, or even taking vacations.
Would your monthly payment be higher, lower or about the same? Again that will depend on a number of factors including how much equity you wish to cash-out as well as your original terms versus your new terms. You should consider the benefits of a cash-out refinance (e.g., paying down high-interest debts, putting a child through school, etc.) versus the costs (i.e., the higher loan amount and new terms). You should also consider whether a home equity line or loan would make more sense -- both are usually available with lender paid closing costs and without altering the terms of your current mortgage.
Refinancing to Build Equity Faster
No discussion about refinancing would be complete without mentioning how to leverage it to pay off a remaining loan balance more quickly and at a lower cost. Should you have the means to do so, you may be able to refinance into a more aggressive payment schedule, possibly at an interest rate lower than your current rate if you haven't already refinanced in the past couple of years.
Before you entertain refinancing to build equity more quickly, keep in mind that you can accomplish the same basic goal without refinancing by making additional payments toward your principal. Even an extra $100 per could potentially trim months or years off of a mortgage at your current rate and terms. You can use any online "early payoff" calculator to determine how much you'll save in time and money for a given size additional monthly payment in the context of your current mortgage. Nevertheless, refinancing may offer a favorable combination of financial and tax benefits that additional payments toward principal cannot.
Proceed with Caution
What seems like the best option intuitively, may not be. For example, many consumers are under the mistaken impression that purchasing a home with cash is always better than having a mortgage, or that shorter loan terms are best. There is no universally correct answer because it depends on your unique set of circumstances (i.e., your tax position, investments, assets, goals, etc). This is where your financial advisor, tax advisor and loan officer can be of tremendous help.
Whatever you choose to do, all the best to you and your family in 2014.
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